Mots de laisons

Les principaux mots de liaison

→ Also : aussi, également, en plus
-Oscar Wilde is a novelist and also a playwright


→ All the same : tout de même, malgré tout
-It may be objectionable ; they do it all the same


→ Although : bien que, quoique
-Altough the subject is serious, there is a touch of humour in the last paragraph.


→ As : comme, étant donné que
-As it dealt explicitly with sex, his novel was censored.


→ As : alors que, au fur et à mesure que
-As we read on, we discover the narrator's hostility towards the heroine.


→ As a result = consequently : par conséquent
-The text is well-structured ; as a result it is easy to understand.


→ As if = as though : comme si
-He behaved as if he had committed a crime.


→ As long as = so long as : tant que, pourvu que, à condition que
-As long as you consider the context, you can't miss the meaning of the text


→ As long as : aussi longtemps que, tant que
-As long as there are so-called feminine activities, sexual discrimination will exist.


→ As soon as : dès que, aussitôt que
-As soon as they saw the explorers, the Indians ran away.


→ As though : cf. As if


→ Because : parce que
-He uses “would” because he wants to insist on the frequent occurences of those actions in the past.


→ Besides : d'ailleurs, en outre
-His arguments are questionable-besides he is far from being objctive.


→ Besides : en plus de
-There are four main characters besides the narrator.


→ Consequently : par conséquent
-Those people were denied any freedom, consequently they rebelled.


→ Contrary to : en opposition à, à l'encontre de
-Contrary to our first impression, the hero turns out to be a coward.


→ Despite = in spite of : malgré, en dépit de
-He went to the big city, despite his dislike for urban life.


→ Due to = owing to : en raison de
-Due to international campaigns, awareness of child labour is growing.


→ Either...or : ou (bien)...ou (bien)
-Either he is sincere or he is a very clever fraud.


→ Even if : même si
-She will do it even if everybody disapproves.


→ Even though : bien que
-Even though the text was difficult, I managed to understand it.


→ For : depuis
-I hadn't read such an exciting mystery for years.


→ For : pendant
-they stayed in that room for a couple of days before they were given a room with a view.


→ For : car
-They complained, for they had asked specifically for a room with a view.


→ For all = in spite of : malgré, en dépit de
-For all their grumbling, they enjoyed their first few days in Italy.


→ For fear of : de peur de, de crainte de + be-ing
-He did not say a word, for fear of batraying his anguish.


→ For fear that : de peur que
-He did not dare to speak the truth for fear that the authorities might hear about it.


→ Furthermore = moreover : en outre, par ailleurs, qui plus est
-This text deals with the education of girls; furthermore, it is an account of life in the South.


→ Hence : d'ou
-Negociations between workers and management have failed, hence the strike.


→ However : pourtant, cependant
-He never achieved success ; however, he managed to attract the critics' attention.


→ However + adjectif ou adverbe : aussi + adjectif + subjonctif, avoir beau
-However hard he tried, he failed to convince us.


→ If : si
-If I were you, I would beware of rumours.


→ In addition : cf. Furthermore


→ In addition to : en plus de
-In addition to the long list of his literary works, we must add his activities as a philanthropist.



→ In case : au cas ou
-In case we don't get the point, the author gives plenty of examples.


→ In order to : afin de
-She contemplates spending a year in London in order to improve her English.


→ In spite of : malgré, en dépit de
-In spite of his efforts, he could not find another job.


→ In the meantime = meanwhile : pendant ce temps, en attendant
-They started looking for clues ; in the meantime, the murderer sneaked out.


→ Into the bargain : par dessus le marché
-She was a distinguished scientist, and a gifted painter into the bargain.


→ Lest : de peur que
-He ran away lest he should be seen.


→ Likewise = similarly : de même
-Nineteenth-century workers feared mechanization in industry ; likewise, Information Technology today is sometimes perceived as a threat.


→ Meanwhile : cf. In the meantime


→ Moreover : cf. Furthermore


→ Neither...nor : ni...ni
-I enjoyed neither the plot nor the style of that novel.


→ Nevertheless : néanmoins
-This book is outrageous. Nevertheless, it's worth reading.


→ No matter how = however : avoir beau
-No matter how uninteresting the story may be, I'll read it.




→ No matter what = whatever : quoi que + subjonctif, peu importe
-He was so popular that, no matter what he wrote, it sold.


→ No matter who = whoever : peu importe qui, quel(le) que soit
-No matter who visited them, he never moved from his sofa.


→ Nonetheless = nevertheless : néanmoins
-He is described as mean and pitiful ; we sympathize with him nonetheless.


→ Not that : non pas que
-She always felt uncomfortable with him, not that she ever said a word about it.


→ Notwithstanding : cf. In spite of


→ Notwithstanding : cf. Nevertheless


→ Once = as soon as : une fois que
-Once he had weighed the pros and cons, he was able to make up his mind.


→ On condition that = provided that : à condition que
-They agreed not to sue him on condition that he leave the country.


→ Or else : sinon, sans quoi
-Measures will have to be taken, or else social unrest will grow.


→ Otherwise : autrement
-It's a rather costly measure, otherwise it's a good idea.


→ Owing to = due to : en raison de
-Owing to the style, the text is obscure at first sight.


→ Provided (that) = providing (that) : pourvu que, à condition que
-Provided we don't jump to conclusions, we'll manage to understand the deep meaning of the text.


→ Similarly : cf.likewise


→ Since : depuis
-French women have had the right to vote since 1944.


→ Since : depuis que
-The situation has worsened since the first oil shock happened.


→ Since = as : puisque
-This passage needs interpreting since the narrator is not explicit.


→ So = and that's why : ainsi, donc, par conséquent
-He reveals few details about himself, so he is a rather mysterious narrator.


→ So as to = in order to : afin de, de facon à
-He accumulates examples so as to illustrate his point.


→ So long as : cf. As long as


→ So that : afin que, pour que
-The hero disguised himself so that the police would not find him.


→ So that : tant et si bien que, de sorte que
-He uses a lot of adjectives so that we get a very visual impression of the setting.


→ Still = however : pourtant, néanmoins, quand même, tout de même
-Immigrants know they will live precariously, still thousands of them cross the border.


→ Suppose (that) = supposing (that) : en supposant que, à supposer que, supposons que
-Suppose she had used the present tense, the effect would have been different.


→ That's (the reason) why : c'est pourquoi
-This is a descriptive piece, that's why so many adjectives are used.


→ Then : puis, ensuite
-First the narrator is neutral, non-committal, then he reveals his intentions and motives.


→ Therefore : donc, par conséquent, pour cette raison
-I think, therefore I am.


→ Though = although : bien que, quoique
-Though he is the hero, we are not told his name.


→ Adjectif + though = adjectif + as : aussi + adjectif + subjonctif
-Bold though he was, he never dared defy the party leader.


→ Though = and yet : et pourtant
-He'll probably say no, though it's worth trying.


→ Thus : cf. So


→ Till = until : jusqu'à
-Till the end of the passage, we get no hint of the truth.


→ Unless : à moins que
-Unless decisions are taken at government level, pollution in that part of the world will get worse.


→ Unlike : contrairement à, à l'inverse de
-Unlike the first text, the second one lays the emphasis on symbols.


→ Until = till : jusqu'à
-Until well after the death, his work was undervalued.


→ Up to : jusqu'à + lieu
-Up to a certain point, his indignation is understandable.


→ Whatever : quoi que + subjonctif
-Whatever you do, do it sincerely.



→ What is more = moreover : qui plus est
-This is a simplistic idea. What is more, it is completely wrong.


→ When : quand
-He knows he will be in trouble when they find the murder weapon.


→ Whenever : quand, chaque fois que
-Whenever he had to spend some time in the city, he felt homesick.


→ Whereas : alors que, par opposition
-The first text deals mainly with psychological portrait whereas the second one is concerned with action.


→ Wherever = no matter where : ou que + subjonctif
-Wherever you travel to nowadays, you get trapped in the tourist business.


→ Whether...(or) : si...(ou)
-The mayor will tell us whether he stands for re-election.


→ Which is why = and that's why : et c'est pourquoi
-Her aim is to convey an impression of indecision, which is why she uses unfinished sentences.


→ While : alors que, pendant que
-While he was a correspondent in South America, he witnessed acts of repression.


→ While = whereas : alors que, par opposition
-While some try to keep up with technological progress, most stick to their old typewriters.


→ Whilst : cf. While : alors que, pendant que


→ Yet : jusqu'ici
-This is his best short-story yet.




→ (not) Yet : (pas) encore
-At that stage in the text, the main character's intentions are not obvious yet.


→ Yet = however : pourtant, cependant.
-There wasn't much action, yet the film was gripping.